The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the French league champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to take a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the dying seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to seal a convincing shootout victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.